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考研英語二試題及答案解析（精選2套）
在學(xué)習(xí)、工作中，我們都經(jīng)�？吹皆囶}的身影，借助試題可以檢驗考試者是否已經(jīng)具備獲得某種資格的基本能力。那么你知道什么樣的試題才能有效幫助到我們嗎？以下是小編精心整理的考研英語二試題及答案解析，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
考研英語二試題及答案解析 1
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
It’s not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 , to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted.
Travel on a London bus and you’ll 3 see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are 5 . How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.
Why? Because the target is 6 . People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 , the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to 10 , you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.
There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.
The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 17 . Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to 19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.
1. [A] therefore [B] however [C] again [D] moreover
2. [A] Emphasize [B] Identify [C] Assess [D] Explain
3. [A] nearly [B] curiously [C] eagerly [D] quickly
4. [A] claim [B] prove [C] check [D] recall
5. [A] threatened [B] ignored [C] mocked [D] blamed
6. [A] punctuality [B] hospitality [C] competition [D] innovation
7. [A] Yet [B] So [C] Besides [D] Still
8. [A] hired [B] trained [C] rewarded [D] grouped
9. [A] only [B] rather [C] once [D] also
10. [A] comfort [B] revenue [C] efficiency [D] security
11. [A] friendly [B] quiet [C] cautious [D] diligent
12. [A] purpose [B] problem [C] prejudice [D] policy
13. [A] reported [B] revealed [C] admitted [D] noticed
14. [A] break [B] trip [C] departure [D] transfer
15. [A] moral [B] background [C] style [D] form
16. [A] interpret [B] criticize [C] sacrifice [D] tolerate
17. [A] task [B] secret [C] product [D] cost
18. [A] leading to [B] calling for [C] relating to [D] accounting for
19. [A] specify [B] predict [C] restore [D] create
20. [A] modify [B] review [C] present [D] achieve
答案及解析
Section I Use of English
1. 【答案】B(however)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。觀察選項可知，本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。比較前后兩句語義，即It’s not difficult to...(做……不難)和it is much harder to...(做……難得多)，由not difficult和much harder可知，前后兩句語義相反，B項however(提示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。本題答案為B項。
干擾選項：A項therefore(因此)提示因果關(guān)系，C項again(又、再)提示并列關(guān)系，D項moreover(而且)提示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
2. 【答案】A(Emphasize)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。句中one和the other提示對比關(guān)系，and前后語義相反。由and后的the others become distorted(其余的就被扭曲了)可知，A項Emphasize(強(qiáng)調(diào))符合原文邏輯關(guān)系，即，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個，其余則被忽略扭曲。本題答案為A項。
干擾選項：B項Identify(識別)，C項Assess(評估)，D項Explain(解釋)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
3. 【答案】D(quickly)
【解析】語境題。代詞this指代前一句的觀點，即，設(shè)定目標(biāo)會帶來負(fù)面后果：只強(qiáng)調(diào)一點，其余則被忽略扭曲。本句是對該觀點的舉例論述。對比各項語義：A項nearly(幾乎)，B項curiously(好奇地)，C項eagerly(渴望地)和D項quickly(快速地)。其中D項符合原文語義，即：坐上倫敦公交車，你很快就會看到這點是如何體現(xiàn)在司機(jī)身上的(Travel on a London bus and you’ll quickly see how this works with drivers)。本題答案為D項。
4. 【答案】C(check)
【解析】語境題。觀察本段句式特點，可知，本段首句(Watch people get on and show their tickets)與下文為總分關(guān)系。作者隨后以自問自答的形式，引出在公交車上乘車買票這一場景中幾個群體的表現(xiàn)。由前文Do people get on without paying? Of course!(人們會逃票上車嗎?當(dāng)然!)對乘客表現(xiàn)的提問可知，本句要對檢票員(inspectors)是否盡到檢票責(zé)任提問。因此C項check(檢查)符合原文語義。本題答案為C項。
干擾選項：A項claim(宣稱)，B項prove(證明)和D項recall(記起)均不符合原文語義。
5. 【答案】B(ignored)
【解析】語境題。借助前文Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few(有檢察員檢查大家是否支付嗎?可能有，但是很少)可知，本句對趕公交的人這個群體的提問也涉及到是否買票的問題。根據(jù)前文中各個群體的表現(xiàn)可知，他們買票與否很可能也無人注意。B項ignored(被忽視)符合語義，本題答案為B項。
干擾選項：A項threatened(被威脅)，C項mocked(被嘲弄)和D項blamed(被責(zé)備)均不符合原文語義。
6. 【答案】A(punctuality)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。本句為段首句，本段下文與段首句為總分關(guān)系，語義一致。借助下文中drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took(司機(jī)根據(jù)所用的時長獲得8或懲罰)，以及And drivers hit their targets(司機(jī)們達(dá)到他們的目標(biāo))，可知，本句的target(目標(biāo))與時間有關(guān)。A項punctuality(準(zhǔn)時)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
干擾選項：B項hospitality(好客)，C項competition(競爭)和D項innovation(創(chuàng)新)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
7. 【答案】B(So)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。觀察選項可知，本題考查句間邏輯關(guān)系。比較前后兩句語義，即People complained that buses were late and infrequent(人們抱怨公交車晚點且班次較少)和the number of buses and bus lanes were increased(公交車和公交車道的數(shù)量增加)，可知二者為因果關(guān)系，即，人們抱怨為因，增加公交車數(shù)量為果。B項So(所以)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。本題答案為B項。
干擾選項：A項Yet(然而)，C項Besides(此外)和D項Still(仍然)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
8. 【答案】C(rewarded)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。or(或者)提示選擇關(guān)系，由or后面的punished(懲罰)可知，C項rewarded(獎勵)符合原文邏輯，即，根據(jù)所花時長，司機(jī)們或接受獎勵或遭受懲罰。本題答案為C項。
干擾選項：A項hired(被雇傭)，B項trained(被培訓(xùn))和D項grouped(被分組)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
9. 【答案】D(also)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。觀察選項可知，本題考查句間邏輯關(guān)系。比較上句drivers hit these targets與本句they 9 hit cyclists，可發(fā)現(xiàn)，hit為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，提示兩句為平行結(jié)構(gòu)，D項also(也)符合原文邏輯，即，兩個hit兩個目標(biāo)：前者h(yuǎn)it到的是真正目標(biāo);后者h(yuǎn)it到的是cyclists，意為誤撞。由此引出設(shè)定目標(biāo)帶來的負(fù)面后果。本題答案為D項。
干擾選項：A項only(只有)，B項rather(寧可)和C項once(一旦)均不符合原文語義。
10. 【答案】B(revenue)
【解析】語境題。根據(jù)后半句you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing(你將會看到更多檢票員和更敏感的價格)可知，本題與金錢有關(guān)。B項revenue(收益)符合原文語義。本題答案為B項。
干擾選項：A項comfort(舒適)，C項efficiency(效率)和D項security(安全)均不符合原文語義。
11. 【答案】C(cautious)
【解析】語境題。本句選項均為修飾drivers(司機(jī))的形容詞，根據(jù)本句If the criterion changed to safety(如果把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)改為安全性)可知，修飾司機(jī)的形容詞需要體現(xiàn)司機(jī)安全駕駛的能力。因此D項cautious(謹(jǐn)慎的)符合原文語義，即，你將會看到更加謹(jǐn)慎且遵守交通規(guī)則的司機(jī)。本題答案為C項。
干擾選項：A項friendly(友好的`)，B項quiet(安靜的)和D項diligent(勤勉的)均不符合原文語義。
12. 【答案】B(problem)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。another提示本句與前文語義一致。根據(jù)上句But both these criterion would be at the expense of time(此處criterion可理解為target，意為：但這兩個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都將以犧牲時間為代價)，可知，前文在說設(shè)立目標(biāo)所致的負(fù)面影響。B項problem(問題)可與前文的負(fù)面影響進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)，符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。本題答案為B項。
干擾選項：A項purpose(目的)，C項prejudice(偏見)和D項policy(政策)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
13. 【答案】D(noticed)
【解析】語境題。比較各項語義，A項reported(報道)，B項revealed(揭露)，C項admitted(承認(rèn))和D項noticed(注意到)，可知，D項符合原文語義，即：你是否注意到，飛機(jī)起飛遲了一小時，卻仍然準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)?本題答案為D項。
14. 【答案】B(trip)
【解析】語境題。根據(jù)13題所在句語義“飛機(jī)起飛遲了一小時，卻仍然準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)”，及下句A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight(一小時的航程按兩個小時收費)可知，此處，航空公司改變的是trip(旅程、航程)應(yīng)花的時長。本題答案為B項。
干擾選項：A項break(休息)，C項departure(離開)和D項transfer(轉(zhuǎn)移)均不符合原文語義。
15. 【答案】A(moral)
【解析】語境題。the story指代前文航空公司為準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)而修改航班實際時長，本句是對該故事的總結(jié)。A項moral(寓意)與story組成“the moral of the story”，意為“該故事的寓意”，符合原文語義。本題答案為A。
干擾選項：B項background(背景)，C項style(風(fēng)格)和D項form(形式)均不符合原文語義。
16. 【答案】C(sacrifice)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。one和others提示對比，and前后內(nèi)容語義相反。而且，本句與前一句所組成的結(jié)構(gòu)“Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others”與首段最后兩句的結(jié)構(gòu)Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted相似，語義也相近。借助首段對應(yīng)部分的the others become distorted可知，C項符合原文邏輯關(guān)系，即：選擇一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，你可能就要犧牲另一個。本題答案為C項。
干擾選項：A項interpret(詮釋)，B項criticize(批評)和D項tolerate(容忍)，均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
17. 【答案】D(cost)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。本句中的but提示前后語義相反。由前半句Everything can be done faster and made cheaper(每件事都可以完成得很快，成本很低)可知，D項cost(代價)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系，即：但這是有代價的。本題答案為D項。
干擾選項：A項task(任務(wù))，B項secret(秘密)和C項product(產(chǎn)品)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
18. 【答案】C(relating to)
【解析】語境題。本題考查連接multiple criteria和critical factors的形容詞短語語義。比較各選項語義，A項leading to(導(dǎo)致)，B項calling for(要求)，C項relating to(關(guān)于)和D項accounting for(對……作出解釋)，可知，C項符合原文語義，即，所有好的目標(biāo)都應(yīng)具有與關(guān)鍵因素(如時間、金錢、質(zhì)量和用戶反饋)相關(guān)的多個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本題答案為C項。
19. 【答案】A(specify)
【解析】邏輯關(guān)系題。not only ... but also提示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，借助understand可知，先確定目標(biāo)才能進(jìn)一步理解目標(biāo)，所以A項specify(明確規(guī)定)符合原文邏輯關(guān)系，即，訣竅是不僅要確定目標(biāo)的一個甚至兩個方面，而且要理解……。本題答案為A項。
干擾選項：B項predict(預(yù)測)，C項restore(恢復(fù))和D項create(創(chuàng)造)均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。
20. 【答案】D(achieve)
【解析】語境題。比較各項語義，A項modify(修改)，B項review(復(fù)習(xí))和C項present(展示)和D項achieve(實現(xiàn))，可知D項最符合原文語義，即，實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)(achieve the objective)。本題答案為D。
考研英語二試題及答案解析 2
【Text 2】
With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines. In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too, for a rather particular reason: Brexit.
Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing food. The country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats, down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s. A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farng industry, political sovereignty and even the nation’s health. Sounds great—but how feasible is this vision?
According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds, UK, 85 per cent of the country’s total land area is associated with meat and dairy production. That supplies 80 per cent of what is consumed, so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn’t allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.
There are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave. To become much more self-sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods, and probably also farm more intensively—meaning fewer green fields, and more factory-style production.
But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn’t help. There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn’t have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis. Just 25 per cent of the country’s land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields. Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg—which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a 30 per cent boost in crop production.
Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown, so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs. That is before we look for the space to grow the grains, sugars, seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.
26. Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the UK would .
A. be hindered by its population growth
B. contribute to the nation’s well-being
C. become a priority of the government
D. pose a challenge to its farming industry
27. The report by the University of Leeds shows that in the UK .
A. farmland has been inefficiently utilized
B. factory-style production needs reforming
C. most land is used for meat and dairy production
D. more green fields will be converted for farming
28. Crop-growing in the UK is restricted due to .
A. its farming technology
B. its dietary tradition
C. its natural conditions
D. its commercial interests
29. It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people .
A. rely largely on imports for fresh produce
B. enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumption
C. are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake
D. are trying to grow new varieties of grains
30. The author’s attitude to food self-sufficiency in the UK is .
A. defensive
B. doubtful
C. tolerant
D. optimistic
【Text 2答案解析】
26.【答案】B(contribute to the nation’s well-being)
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞food self-sufficiency定位到第二段③句：A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nation’s health。contribute to是對boost的同義替換，well-being是對health的同義替換。所以本題選B。
27.【答案】C(most land is used for meat and dairy production)
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞The report by the University of Leeds定位到第三段①句：According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds, UK, 85 per cent of the country’s total land area is associated with meat and dairy production。most land is used for meat and dairy production對應(yīng)85 per cent of the country’s total land area is associated with meat and dairy production。所以本題選C。
28.【答案】C(its natural conditions)
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Crop-growing is restricted先定位到第五段③句：Just 25 per cent of the country’s land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields，但該句并沒有解釋英國農(nóng)作物種植受限的原因。②句指出，“英國以畜牧業(yè)為主是有充分理由的：其大部分地區(qū)的土壤或氣候不適合農(nóng)作物商業(yè)化種植”(There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn’t have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis)，由此可得知，英國農(nóng)作物種植受限是因為其缺少適合的.土壤和氣候，屬于自然環(huán)境因素。natural conditions是對soil or climate的概括。所以本題選C。
29.【答案】A(rely largely on imports for fresh produce)
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的the last paragraph模糊定位到最后一段，①句指出，“目前，英國人食用的果蔬中只有23%是本土產(chǎn)出的，因此，盡管我們用盡所有的方法，也只能滿足30%的新鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需求”(Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown, so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs.)，由此可得知，英國人對新鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求不能僅僅依靠國內(nèi)提供，大部分要依賴于進(jìn)口。所以本題選A。
30.【答案】B(doubtful)
【解析】本題為態(tài)度題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞food self-sufficiency為本文話題詞，首次出現(xiàn)在第二段③句，然后④句對此提出問題：聽起來不錯——但這種(自給自足的)愿景可行嗎?(Sounds great—but how feasible is this vision?)。隨后，作者從第三段到最后一段一直在論證自給自足的困難，由此可得知，作者的態(tài)度更傾向于懷疑。所以本題選B。
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