иԇ_ڼźܶĿѽ(jng){(dio)ѠB(ti)@ζf¾;߂䌍߀кܶPи俼ɆСи俼}ṩҿԇ
1иxҪxȫĆ?
ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һx헵OӋֹ“__e`e`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”xxȫΰÿһx?
2Wgиɿ?
иԇxӢZZԜyԇԓעڜyԇW“Z”쿼“Wg֪R”ԓ}ETSаl(f)(jng)F.RobinشfиҲCriterion-Referenced|(zh)@ɱʹÌWgõČWڿԇռЃ(yu)
3PIʲô?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^c(})Mжչ_Ȼǰǵ^c_ӢZ
4ʲôǿԇеy}?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿJA difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter
5ܲx?
“иxµLȱc}Ŀ(sh)ƥ”@x}ĿOӋԭt“xoUԒ”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}PϢЩͬWf“Mx꣬Ǵ_xôk?“ ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading keep practicing
6֔(sh)Ҫ?
ETSuJ.Bardشǿ϶x}Ҳܿ錑ǿ鲻productivityֻʹ^}ʽܿWλrg(ni)Įa(chn)@ҲZҪwF(xin)ˣ|(zh)֔(sh)ͬҪZͬ
SadekŮʿf֔(sh)ԽeĿԾԽŶ!300DZ^ǡ?sh)һƪ²ڌ˶չ_ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here) ͬrеfNo memorized language! ҪģŶ!
7h۷ֆ?
ETSŮ醾팣KimfǵhǞ醾ĹƽhĴ}oµϼ醾ģõijɿпܸڵڻԭгɿˣXؔһhLUX֔
8ܶͬW˛_ķ^ƫ}y}ό?
Ҫ^(q)eETS}Federic Robin_fIf we intend for an item to be difficult we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matterҲf@y}߉s߸(zhn)@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}(ni)ݻޝWҊô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJ
9ɷ(j)^ؼų“O~R”x?
ٷڳ}ĕrѽ(jng)x@Щ~oYxFederekf“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”
10ÿһx}?
x}ĵһxǽ^܃HHMڵһһҪŪÿ_x_ԭͬrÿһe`xe`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr@ôģᘌÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_
Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong
Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee
11(ji)}DzһҪļ(ji)?
Щ߅߅߅ǵļ(ji)ɲܕ?
ETSنTJefffÿһ}ĿOӋĕr}߶ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring or is it trivial and unimportant?OӋFЎׂɆTxtĕ@}Ŀڳ}ĕrҲO_xlength complexityor diction stand out
12Z@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?
aÿһZresponseǶһrater(ETSvf17350raters)ĵDZSCķֽoͬratersģ@ӾͿԴpͬһraterɶӰijһ˵ķ֔(sh)MCƽ
bZģǴ_еv˷һοпZdz˜ҲdzǾ܇AԒmڶ}ĿĴ]Ќ|(zh)(ni)ıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ֔(sh)
13Zԇе¼?
ٸV҂ஔtest takersڿZԇĕrfI hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you ж@ӵtest takersrٟoεЦЦfmore than you could expect