創(chuàng)建文明城市作文4篇
圣誕節(jié)(Christmas)本身是一個宗教節(jié)，用來慶祝耶穌的誕辰，因而又名耶誕節(jié)。那么2014年的圣誕節(jié)是幾月幾日星期幾呢?圣誕節(jié)的由來是怎樣的呢?下面就跟YJBYS就業(yè)指導(dǎo)的小編一起來了解一下圣誕節(jié)吧!
【2014年圣誕節(jié)是什么時候】
每年12月25日是全世界大多數(shù)基督徒紀念耶穌誕生的日子。2014年的圣誕節(jié)是12月25日 農(nóng)歷 十一月初四 星期四
【圣誕節(jié)的由來(中英文版)】
“圣誕節(jié)”這個名稱是“基督彌撒”的縮寫。彌撒是教會的一種禮拜儀式。圣誕節(jié)是一個宗教節(jié)。我們把它當(dāng)作耶穌的誕辰來慶祝，因而又名耶誕節(jié)。這一天，世界所有的基督教會都舉行特別的禮拜儀式。但是有很多圣誕節(jié)的歡慶活動和宗教并無半點關(guān)聯(lián)。交換禮物，寄圣誕卡，這都使圣誕節(jié)成為一個普天同慶的日子。
圣誕節(jié)是基督教世界最大的節(jié)日。4世紀初，1月6日是羅馬帝國東部各教會紀念耶穌降生和受洗的雙重節(jié)日、稱為“主顯節(jié)”Epiphany，亦稱“顯現(xiàn)節(jié)”即上帝通過耶穌向世人顯示自己。當(dāng)時只有耶路撒冷的教會例外，那里只紀念耶穌的誕生而不紀念耶穌的受洗。
后來歷史學(xué)家們在羅馬基督徒習(xí)用的日歷中發(fā)現(xiàn)公元 354年12月25日頁內(nèi)記錄著：“基督降生在猶大的伯利恒。”經(jīng)過研究，一般認為12月25日作為圣誕節(jié)可能開始于公元336年的羅馬教會。12月25 日原來是波斯太陽神(即光明之神)密特拉(Mithra)的誕辰，是一個異教徒節(jié)日，同時太陽神也是羅馬國教眾神之一。這一天又是羅馬歷書的冬至節(jié)，崇拜太陽神的異教徒都把這一天當(dāng)作春天的希望，萬物復(fù)蘇的開始�？赡苡捎谶@個原因，羅馬教會才選擇這一天作為圣誕節(jié)。這是教會初期力圖把異教徒的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣基督教化的措施之一。后來，雖然大多數(shù)教會都接受12月25日為圣誕節(jié)，但又因為各地教會使用的歷書不同，具體日期不能統(tǒng)一，于是就把12月24日到第二年的 1月6日定為圣誕節(jié)節(jié)期(Christmas Tide)，各地教會可以根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)鼐唧w情況在這段節(jié)期之內(nèi)慶祝圣誕節(jié)。
Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. No one knows the exact date of Christs birth, but most Christians observe Christmas on December 25. On this day, many go to church, where they take part in special religious services. During the Christmas season, they also exchange gifts and decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and Christmas trees. The word Christmas comes from Cristes maesse, an early English phrase that means Mass of Christ. The story of Christmas comes chiefly from the Gospels of Saint Luke and Saint Matthew in the New Testament.
The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 12 days of Christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivals(parades) with floats, carolers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians.
Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian celebration of New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god-Marduk. Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle with the monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk, the New Years festival that lasted for 12 days.
The Persians and the Babylonians celebrated a similar festival called the Sacaea. Part of that celebration included the exchanging of places, the slaves would become the masters and the masters were to obey. The ancient Greeks held a festival similar to that of the Zagmuk/Sacaea festivals to assist their god Kronos who would battle the god Zeus and his Titans.
The Romans celebrated their god Saturn. Their festival was called Saturnalia which began the middle of December and ended January 1st. With cries of "Jo Saturnalia!" the celebration would include masquerades in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends, and the exchange of good-luck gifts called Strenae (lucky fruits). The Romans decked their halls with garlands of laurel and green trees lit with candles. Again the masters and slaves would exchange places.
"Jo Saturnalia!" was a fun and festive time for the Romans, but the Christians thought it an abomination to honor the pagan god. The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Christ child a solemn and religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan Saturnalia.
Some legends claim that the Christian "Christmas" celebration was invented to compete against the pagan celebrations of December. The 25th was not only sacred to the Romans but also the Persians whose religion Mithraism was one of Christianitys main rivals at that time. The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment, lights, and gifts from the Saturanilia festival and bringing them to the celebration of Christmas.
The exact day of the Christ childs birth has never been pinpointed. Traditions say that it has been celebrated since the year 98 AD. In 137 AD the Bishop of Rome ordered the birthday of the Christ Child celebrated as a solemn feast. In 350 AD another Bishop of Rome, Julius I, choose December 25th as the observance of Christmas.
The birth of Jesus had a story: In Nazareth, a city of Galilee. The virgins name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was minded to put her away secretly. While he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid to take Mary as wife. And Mary will bring forth a Son, and he shall call his name, Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.
Before Jesus births, Joseph and Mary came to Quirnius was governing Syria. So all went to be registered, everyone to his own city. Joseph also went up out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and of the lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, who was with child. So it was that while they were there, the days were completed for her to be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrapped him in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
And that, Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. But nobody knows the actual birthday of Jesus. And the Christmas has become popular when Christmas cards appeared in 1846 and the concept of a jolly Santa Claus was first made popular in nineteenth Century.
The custom of giving gifts to relatives and friends on a special day in winter probably began in ancient Rome and northern Europe. In these regions, people gave each other small presents as part of their year-end celebrations.
In the 1800s, two more Christmas customs became popular--decorating Christmas trees and sending Christmas cards to relatives and friends. Many well-known Christmas carols, including ``Silent Night" and ``Hark! The Herald Angels Sing," were composed during this period. In the United States and other countries, Santa Claus replaced Saint Nicholas as the symbol of gift giving.
The word Xmas is sometimes used instead of Christmas. This tradition began in the early Christian church. In Greek, X is the first letter of Christs name. It was frequently used as a holy symbol.
【各國圣誕節(jié)習(xí)俗】
法國法國中部的色日爾斯地方，每年圣誕節(jié)前后幾天必降大雪，白雪皚皚，令人清新。在西方人眼里，白色圣誕是一種吉祥。在法國，馬槽是最富有特色的圣誕標志，因為相傳耶穌是誕生在馬槽旁的。人們大唱頌贊耶穌的圣誕歌之后，必須開懷暢飲，香檳和白蘭地是法國傳統(tǒng)的圣誕美酒。
芬蘭芬蘭在12月圣誕節(jié)前后，漫山遍野都是怒放的紫羅蘭，掩映在白色的大地上，望去一片紫紅色，紫色圣誕使人心曠神怡。
英國和德國英國人和德國人一樣，圣誕節(jié)喝啤酒，吃烤鵝，他們更喜歡利用圣誕節(jié)假日外出旅游。
美國美國人過圣誕節(jié)著重家庭布置，安置圣誕樹，在襪子中塞滿禮物，吃以火雞為主的圣誕大菜，舉行家庭舞會。
瑞士瑞士人在圣誕節(jié)前4個星期，就將4支巨型的蠟燭點燃，放在由樹枝裝飾成的一個環(huán)里，每周點1支，當(dāng)點燃第4支后，圣誕節(jié)就到了。
丹麥丹麥人對不合意的圣誕禮物，可去商店兌換價格相似的其他商品。
澳大利亞澳大利亞是南半球的國家之一。12月底，正當(dāng)西歐各國在寒風(fēng)呼嘯中歡度圣誕節(jié)時，澳大利亞正是熱不可耐的仲夏時節(jié)。因此在澳大利亞過圣誕節(jié)，到處可以看見光著上身汗水涔涔的小伙子和穿超短裙的姑娘，與商店櫥窗里精心布置的冬日雪景、掛滿雪花的圣誕樹和穿紅棉襖的圣誕老人，構(gòu)成澳大利亞特有的節(jié)日圖景。這種酷暑和嚴冬景象的強烈對比，恐怕在西方國家是獨一無二的。父母給子女最好的圣誕禮物，莫過于一副小水劃。圣誕節(jié)弄潮是澳大利亞的一大特征。節(jié)日晚上，帶著飲料到森林里舉行“巴別居”野餐。人們用石頭壘的露天灶中用枯樹枝生火、上面架一塊鐵板，把香腸、牛肉、鮮魚等放上去煎。吃飽喝足后，就跳起“迪斯科”或“袋鼠舞”，一直鬧到深夜才結(jié)束。喝醉了的，便往草地上一躺，在如雷的鼾聲中迎接圣誕老人的蒞臨。
波蘭在波蘭每年12月25日、26日舉行，家家戶戶都要裝飾圣誕樹，大街小巷都有圣誕樹上的裝飾品出賣。節(jié)日里親友之間相互祝賀，互贈禮品，表示友好。晚間吃飯時桌布下邊要放一些草，以示耶穌的降生。晚飯很豐富，但不能吃肉。夜間12時后，全家去教堂禮拜。圣誕節(jié)期間，一般不到別人家中做客，但主人盛情邀請者例外。
保加利亞據(jù)保加利亞的歷法，圣誕節(jié)是靈魂出沒、妖邪猖狂的日子。因此，人們要借助火來驅(qū)妖鎮(zhèn)邪。圣誕節(jié)前夜，家家都燃起火堆，一直燃到天亮，不得熄滅，否則會招來橫禍。由男人取圣誕木點火進屋并高聲念道：“圣誕節(jié)降臨，牛、羊、豬、馬長滿圈，麥苗出滿垅，人人走好運。”在屋里等候的人則齊聲回答：“阿門!”
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