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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中用作介詞或連詞的分詞歸納
1.considering
就……而論、照……來(lái)看;考慮到,既可用作介詞,又可用作連詞。例:I hear he is more than 70, but he is still very strong, considering his age.
聽(tīng)說(shuō)他已經(jīng) 70 多歲了,但從他的年紀(jì)來(lái)看,他仍然很結(jié)實(shí)。
Considering ( that ) he did not study hard, he did well on the test.
考慮到他沒(méi)有用功,他考得還不錯(cuò)。
另: considering 還可用作副詞,通常置于句尾,意為從各方面看。例:
She seems ( to be ) very bright, considering.
從各方面看,她似乎很聰明。
2. providing / provided
倘若……;在……的條件下,用作連詞,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,但從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例:
We'll visit Europe next year, provided / providing ( that ) we have the money.
如果我們有這筆錢(qián),我們明年將去歐洲游覽。
I shall go provided / providing ( that ) it does not rain.
倘若天不下雨,我就去。
3. supposing / suppose
假如、假定用作連詞,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣,也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例:
Supposing / Suppose ( that ) the weather were bad, where would you go?
假如天氣不好,你去什么地方?
Supposing / Suppose ( that ) she doesn't come, what should we do?
假如她不來(lái)我們?cè)撛趺崔k?
supposing 可用在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中,相當(dāng)于 What would / will happen if … / What does it matter if …例:
Supposing I don't see her. ( = What will happen if I don't see her? )
假如我見(jiàn)不到她,那該怎么辦?
suppose 意為假定;萬(wàn)一;倘若;不妨;何不。例:
。 Let us ) Suppose ( that ) his statement is right.
假定他的陳述是正確的。
4. according to /by
根據(jù)…… / 按照……,用作連詞。例:
According to my watch, it's 4 o'clock.
按照我表上的時(shí)間,現(xiàn)在是 4 點(diǎn)鐘。
You may go or stay, according as you decide.
去還是留,由你來(lái)決定。
You may / will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.
根據(jù)工作好壞你將會(huì)受到獎(jiǎng)懲。
according to 與 according by 的區(qū)別在于:
。 1 ) according by 不可與表示人的名詞或代詞連用; according to 可與表示人的名詞或代詞連用。
。 2 ) according to 只能表示來(lái)自他處的信息,而不能表示來(lái)自說(shuō)話(huà)者本身的信息。
例:
According to (不能用 by ) my clock, it is 12 o'clock.
根據(jù)我表上的時(shí)間,現(xiàn)在是 12 點(diǎn)。
According to (不能用 by ) her (不能用 me ), the war broke out in 1923.
根據(jù)她所說(shuō)的,那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)在 1923 年爆發(fā)。
5. compared with / to
將……與……比較,用作介詞。例:
Compared with / to her mother, she is tall.
和她母親比起來(lái),她算很高了。
6. including
包含,用作介詞。例:
I have to prepare food for seven people, including me.
我必須準(zhǔn)備包括自己在內(nèi) 7 個(gè)人的食物。
7. owing to
由于……因?yàn)椤,用作介詞。 seeing ( that )由于……;既然……;因?yàn)椤,用作連詞。例:
Owing to unfavourable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.
由于天氣不好,我不能把它進(jìn)行下去。
Seeting ( that ) he is ill, he's unlikely to come.
由于生病的緣故,他可能不來(lái)了。
8. judging from / by ( =to judge by )
由……來(lái)判斷,用作介詞。例:
Judging from / by what he said, he must be an honest man.
由他所說(shuō)的來(lái)判斷,他一定是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
Judging from / by his accent, he must be from Guangdong province.
從他的口音來(lái)判斷,他一定來(lái)自廣東。
9. regarding ( =as regards, in regard to, with regard to ) / respecting ( =as respects, in respect to, with respect to ) / concerning ( =as concerns ) / relating to
均用作介詞,意為關(guān)于,就……而言,相當(dāng)于 about, 但比 about 正式。例:
Regarding this point, he is correct.
關(guān)于這一點(diǎn),他是對(duì)的。
Respecting your salary, we shall come to a decision later.
關(guān)于你的工資,我們將在以后做出決定。
Concerning your letter, I am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite acceptable.
關(guān)于來(lái)信,我很高興地通知你,我們覺(jué)得你的計(jì)劃是可接受的。
10. given
如果有……,假定……,考慮到……,既可用作介詞,也可用作連詞。例:
Given that they are inexperienced, they have done a good job.
考慮到他們經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足,他們的工作做得還不錯(cuò)。
Given his support, I think we'll win the election.
若能獲得他的支持,我想我們會(huì)贏(yíng)得這次選舉。
11. granted / granting
用作連詞,意為就算……,假定……,縱使……,姑且承認(rèn)
例 Granted / Granting you are right, I won't do it.
就算你說(shuō)的是正確的,我也不打算做那事。
12. assuming / say
。ㄓ糜诰涫,與 Let's 連用)意為假定……假使例:
Assuming / Say ( Let's say ) that war breaks out, what do you do?
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